Chois excellent handbook of optical microcavities is particularly timely. Alloptical switching with bacteriorhodopsin protein coated microcavities and its application to low power computing circuits sukhdev roy,1,a mohit prasad,1,a juraj topolancik,2,b and frank vollmer2,c 1department of physics and computer science, dayalbagh educational institute, deemed university dayalbagh, agra 282 110, india. It becomes challenging to couple the optical fields because the waves from the two fields are traveling at different speeds. By using a combination of topdown and bottomup strategies see fig. Optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures marcin l. The analogy with normal modes of conservative systems is emphasized. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities. The authors reported the use of optical microresonators immersed in aqueous solutions and functionalized with antibodies to detect small concentrations of the analytes recognized by the antibodies. This work was completed with the support and funding. The name microcavity stems from the fact that it is often only a few micrometers thick, the spacer layer. The control of optical modes in microcavities or in photonic bandgap pbg materials is coming of age. The calculated mode spacing agrees very well with the observations. We propose a novel approach in optical trapping exploiting mesoscopic photonic crystal microcavities.
We have explored microcavity resonators based on the lowloss modes propagating near the edge of any curved dielectric surface. Microcavity nonlinear optics with an organically functionalized. Three types of optical resonance modes with mode spacings of 10, 5. Aug 14, 2003 devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. The enhanced geometric control of these cavities is also studied and found to profoundly alter the nonlinear optical processes the toroid microcavities. Wildgen submitted to the graduate degree program in chemistry and the graduate faculty of the university of kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Optical processes in microcavities advanced applied physics. As a singlemode, ultralow threshold lasers, dielectric. The microcavities represent a unique laboratory for quantum optics and photonics.
Microcavities addresses the large variety of optical phenomena taking place in confined solid state structures. There are many thinfilm devices in which interference and microcavity effects are able. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of lightto microscale volumes. The passive lossy microtoroid is made from silica1, whereas the active with gain resonator is made from. In optical waveguides and microcavities this interaction occurs due to a combination of the photoelastic e ect 1, induced by strain, and movingboundary e ect caused by the mechanical mode distortion of the optical boundaries 2. May 21, 2001 the artificial resonances of dielectric optical microcavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescentwave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte to a biospecific monolayer. We have employed photonic crystal cavities with ultrasmall mode volumes and high qfactors to demonstrate 20ghz optical switching with 60fj pulses, lasers operating at w thresholds and modulation speeds approaching thz, and a single quantum dot control of the cavity spectrum. It was shown that a single pyramidal cavity can support several different types of optical resonance modes. Brillouin optomechanics in coupled silicon microcavities. Because they are open, and therefore leaky and nonconservative, the resonances are quasinormal modes qnms with complex frequencies. Handbook of optical microcavities anthony h w choi bok. The editors have selected leading scientists who have made seminal contributions in different aspects of optical processes in microcavities.
It is shown that the interaction of two localized optical modes in coupled microcavities cause the modes to split. Optical microcavities confine light spatially and temporally and find application. Stokes soliton in optical microcavities request pdf. Vahala california institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. However, conservation of momentum usually limits the bandwidth of the coupling. During this period, e commerce and registration of new users may not be available for up to 12 hours. Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities by a. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of appl. Studies of optical microresonators with dimensions between 0. For example, the resonant spectrum of a rolledup optical microcavity is well defined by simply tailoring the rolling length before it rolls 2, as shown in.
This festschrift is a tribute to an eminent scholar, scientist and engineer, professor richard kounai chang, on his retirement from yale university. Optical processes in microcavities a new generation of optical microresonators is making possible the exploration of quantum electrodynamic phenomena in condensed matter systems and providing microlasers with a wide range of potential applications. The efficiency of a thirdorder nonlinear process is improved by four orders of magnitude in ultrahighq silica cavity, opening a new regime of. Optical methods for investigating semiconductors and the theoretical description of optical processes have always been an important part of semiconductor physics. Periodically poled lithium niobate ppln microcavities with additional reciprocal vectors attract attentions as a platform for efficient parametric nonlinear optical processes with wavelength and polarization flexibility. During the last years biological and chemical sensors based on integrated optical io waveguides have been considerably advanced both in terms of performance and possible applications. The dielectric microstructures act as ultrahigh q factors optical cavities, which modify the spontaneous emission rates and alter the spatial distributions of the input and output radiation. The ptsymmetric optical resonator system investigated here is formed by two coupled wgm microtoroids. The universal importance of these structures has made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities.
Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of light to microscale volumes. The topics cover important optical science and technology areas including linear and nonlinear spectroscopy, linear and nonlinear optics in microparticles, linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of bioaerosols, optical microcavities and nanostructures, and photoscapes or multidisciplinary applications. The former type is a standing wave cavity, and the latter is a traveling wave cavity. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities jorge bravoabad, alejandro rodriguez, peter bermel, steven g. Unlike traditional gas lasers, semiconductor lasers are invariably much smaller in dimensions, making optical confinement more critical than ever. This festschrift is a tribute to an eminent scholar, scientist and engineer, professor richard kounai chang, on his retirement from yale university on june 12, 2008.
This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called polaritons. The topics cover important optical science and technology areas including linear and nonlinear spectroscopy, linear and nonlinear optics in microparticles, linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of bioaerosols, optical microcavities and nanostructures, and photoscapes or. Optical trapping in 1d mesoscopic photonic crystal. Optical devices typically require the coupling of light between different components. The universal importance of these structureshas made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Optical microcavities have a wide range of applications and are used for fundamental studies, such as strongcoupling cavity quantum electrodynamics, enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission, novel light sources, and dynamic filters in optical communication vahala, 2003. Semiconductor microcavities are solid state devices that display quantum phases of strongly coupled light and matter microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. For example, microcavities made of active iiiv semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable longdistance transmission of data over optical fibres. First, we discuss a system in which this enhancement has been successfully demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, namely, a photonic crystal cavity showing optical bistability properties.
Alloptical switching with bacteriorhodopsin protein. Realisations include planar and pillar microcavities, whispering gallery modes, and photonic crystals. Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. Polaritons are a mixture of photons and semiconductor excitons that display different properties from either the. To process optical signals, optical microcavities need to be utilized, these can stop light and allow a strong interaction between light and matter. The optical properties of a system of coupled microcavities and the dispersion relations for the characteristic optical modes of the system are. The frequency shift due to the sagnac effect occurs as a thresholdlike phenomenon for the angular velocity in a rotating microcavity. The research efforts have been focused particularly on development of new efficient sensors for use in highthroughput biosensing and multianalyte assays. Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as silica microspheres, exhibit the highest qfactor to date of. Simulations of rolledup optical microcavities using. Nanoscale lasers with optical microcavities by junseok heo a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy electrical engineering in the university of michigan 2011 doctoral committee. Given the sheer diversity of materials, wavelengths, cavity configurations, and applications being investigated, the organised overview provided by dr. Stokessolitons in optical microcavities qifan yang. In addition, the low order radial modes have intrinsically higher q 0 due to lower diffraction losses 15, 23 and, therefore, are the best candidates for sensing applications.
Aug 14, 2003 optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Here, a large number of papers are devoted to quantum dots. An array of gan hexagonal pyramids with a side length of 8. Pdf ultrasmall mode volumes in dielectric optical microcavities. The interaction of two localized optical states in a structure consisting of a system of two coupled vertical microcavities is studied. Whispering gallery microcavities control momentum of light. Optical micro and nanocavities underpin many of the major developments in current photonic science and technology. Optical properties of a system of two coupled vertical. Optical processes in microparticles and nanostructures. As a singlemode, ultralow threshold lasers, dielectric microdisks and microspheres have been. Optical microcavities confine light at resonant frequencies for extended periods of time and fundamentally alter the interaction of light with matter. These microsized pyramids are highly efficient microcavities.
They are the basis of numerous applied and fundamental studies, such as cavity qed, photonics and sensing. Ultrasensitive detection of changes of refractive index. Subtle difference in optical absorption between d 2 o and h 2 o is magnified due to light circulation in cavity. Here, we report the simultaneous realization of multiple coupled parametric processes in ppln microdisk cavities. Optical microcavities in condensed matter systems sciencedirect. Nonlinear optics in ultrahighq whisperinggallery optical. Analytical development and application of optical microcavities by sarah m. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metalcoated mirrors to confine. Demonstration of ultrahighq small mode volume toroid.
The artificial resonances of dielectric optical microcavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescentwave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte to a biospecific monolayer. Optical resonance modes in gan pyramid microcavities. N2 the sagnac effect in rotating microcavities is studied theoretically and numerically. Optical processes in microcavities ebook, 1996 worldcat. Physics department and research laboratory of electronics, mit, cambridge, ma 029, usa abstract. During this period, ecommerce and registration of new users may not be available for up to 12 hours. Reduction of toroidal cross section is observed to cause a.
Minimizing energy consumption for signal processing using. During this process the silica melts, and the toroid principal diameter is reduced. This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called. The authors reported the use of optical microresonators immersed in aqueous solutions and functionalized with antibodies to detect small concentrations of the. Optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures.
The dielectric microstructures act as ultrahigh q factors optical cavities, which modify the spontaneous emission rates and alter the spatial. Ultrasmall mode volumes in dielectric optical microcavities. The research on cavity solitons has been performed mainly on two platforms. Watson laboratory of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa. Preparation of whisperinggallerymode resonators and fiber tapers a1. Nonlinear photoniccrystal microresonators offer unique fun. Nonlinear optical processes in photonic crystal microcavities. This increased optical intensity near the mc is beneficial for efficient signaltobackground measurements and is hardly achievable with straight waveguides or fibers. Handbook of optical microcavities crc press book an optical cavity confines light within its structure and constitutes an integral part of a laser device. Microcavities series on semiconductor science and technology. Only the emphasis placed on different materials changes with time. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two sides of a spacer layer or optical medium, or by wrapping a waveguide in a circular fashion to form a ring. These two scattering processes are strongly in uenced by optical and mechanical properties of the con ning struc.
Extensions of optical microcavities to a broad range of material systems will also be discussed. This video briefly summarizes my work during the 2015 optics in the city of light reu program in paris. Optical mode properties of 2d deformed microcavities. Mar 21, 2012 to process optical signals, optical microcavities need to be utilized, these can stop light and allow a strong interaction between light and matter. Several of these nonlinear processes themselves lead to the generation of quantum states of light. Performance of integrated optical microcavities for. An optical cavity confines light within its structure and constitutes an integral part of a laser device. Although these ideas could have been developed some time ago, it is only recently that they have emerged, due to advances in both atomic physics and in fabrication techniques, be it on the. Simulation of light emission from thinfilm microcavities osa. Emission patterns of optical microcavities youtube. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two. Microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. Optical processes in microcavities advanced series in applied.
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